As stated in the RFC, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is "an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. These sessions include Internet telephone calls, multimedia distribution, and multimedia conferences."
SIP was originally designed by Henning Schulzrinne, Mark Handley and Eve Schooler
in 1996. The current specification is being developed by the IETF SIP working group.
Yes. The SIP specification is detailed in RFC 3261.
SIP is already being used as the protocol of choice for many IP telephony solutions. Leading hardware and software manufacturers support SIP today and the market for SIP-enabled products and services continues to grow and mature.